Magazine bolt-gun.



PATENTED MAR. 14, 1905.

M. P. RICHARDS. MAGAZINE BOLT GUN.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 21', 1999.

3 SHEETS-SHEET? V frat/en, 69r- JZZ? Mwvr Attorney M. P. RICHARDS.MAGAZINE BOLT GUN.

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M P RICHARDS.

MAGAZINE BOLT GUN.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 21, 1899.

PATENTED MAR. 14, 19051 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Attorney UNITED STATES Patented March 14, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

MORRIS P. RICHARDS, OF UTIOA, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO OLOUGH- MAUSER ARMSCOMPANY, A CORPORATION.

MAGAZINE BOLT-GUN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 784,630, dated March14, 1905.

Application filed August 21, 1899. Serial No. 727,888-

To all 10/1/0111, it may concern;

Be it known that I, MORIHS P. RICHARDS, a citizen of the United Statesof America, and a resident of Utica, Oneida county, New York, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Firearms, of which the followingis a specilication.

My invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in firearmscommonly known as magazine breech-loading Weapons; and it consists inthe mechanism illustrated and described.

My invention relates to an improvement in a magazine repeating breechloading gun where the mechanism is operated by a fingerlevcr.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 represcnts a partial longitudinalsection of the magazine and operative mechanism, the breech mechanismbeing open. Fig. 2 represents in the same manner the same mechanism inits closed position. Fig. 3 shows, in partial transverse section, onadouble scale, across-section of the magazine loaded on lines A B,Fig.2.The ends of the cartridges are, however, shown in full lines. Fig. 4illustrates the partial plan of the cut-off and breech-bolt, themagazine being shown in section-lines and the broken lines indicatingparts removed. Fig. 5 illustrates details of the safety mechanism forlocking the parts for the purpose of transporting the gun in a lockedposition. Fig. 6 is a detail cross-sectional view of the sliding safetydevice. Fig. 7 illustrates the vertical central section of my improvedweapon after the cartridges in the chamber have been discharged, brokenlines indicate portions removed, the lever and other connecting partsbeing shown in full lines presenting a side view of the same.

In the specification similar numerals refer to corresponding parts inthe several views.

The cartridges illustrated are those known in the trade as rimless. I donot, however, limit myself to the use of this class of cartridges, as Ican, if desired, use the rimcartridges equally as well.

In order to provide lengthy representations of principal terms in mydescription, I designate the parts as follows:

1 represents the metallic receiver.

2 denotes the breech-bolt; 8, the F shape toggle, having two angles, theupper angle 3*, and the lower angle or arm I designate 3.

4: is the link.

5 is the hand-lever, pivoted at 5, having segmental arm 5".

6is the rebounding hammer; 7, the sear, pivoted at 7.

8 is the hammer-spring; 9, the sear-spring; 10 the trigger pivoted at10.

11 is the breech-bolt guide or cheek.

11 is the breech-bolt stop.

12 illustrates a cam-shaped surface; 13, a recess in the frame, (shownin dotted lines,) formed in the material of the receiver for thebreech-bolt guide or check when the breech action is in closed position.

14 is the metallic magazine; 15, the carricrplate.

16 is the carrier-plate spring.

17 17 are swinging automatic magazinestops. 24 24 are the springstherefor.

19 is the reciprocating cocking-indicator; 20, the vibratingindicator-lever, pivoted at 2O in a recess on the under side of theupper tang; 21, the reciprocatingindicator-lever spring.

22 illustrates the cartridges.

23 is the spring-seat of block to which the mainspring and sear-springare rigidly connected or held.

In this specification I shall not name any particular structural metalor material to be used in the construction of the various parts, as Iintend to use such materials as past or .future experience may prove andwhich is found to be best adapted to my purposes.

Having described the principal members of my invention, I will nowproceed to describe more minutely the operation of the parts.Preliminary to this description I will point out in part the action ofthe magazine portion. Referring to Fig. 3, shown in partialcross-section, the cartridges being illustrated in full lines, themagazine is filled with cartridges with one between the jaws of themagazine-stops ready for the forward movement of the breech-bolt. Themagazine-stops consist of the two members 17 17, pivoted at 17 17 inrecesses 23 23 on either side of the magazine-opening in a way to beswung back into the recesses 23 23, formed in the walls of the receiver.When the two magazine-stops are swung inwardly and upwardly to theirapproximately-horizontal positions, they engage and are stopped by theupper walls or abutments of said recesses 23 23. The pivotedmagazine-stops are actuated by suitable springs 24 24 to hold themagazine-stops normally in the position shown in Fig. 3. Other forms ofsprings may be employed than those illustrated in the drawings. Thesemagazinestops lie in the path traveled by the breechbolt and are swungback out of its way by the entrance between them of the reciprocatingbreech-bolt. The magazine-stops are at their rear ends beveled, as shownat 25 25 in Fig. 4:, which figure illustrates a partial plan of themagazine-stops and breech-bolt. The cartridges in the magazine arepressed up against the magazine-stops by the action of the duplexlever-spring l6, interposed between the bottom of the magizine and thecarrier-plate 15. Assuming the magazine to be empty and the action open,a cartridge is pressed down between the magazine-stops, which swing backout of the way onto the carrier-plate, which recedes with the pressure,and thus the cartridge is forced down into the magazine, themagazine-stops closing behind each cartridge and preventingitsretrocession. The operations are continued until the magazine is filled.

If the operator desires to use what is technically known as a clipsystem of loading, the clip containing six or less cartridges can beinserted between the magazine-stops and the cartridges from the clipforced down into the magazine and the magazine is thereby loaded. Theclip must then be removed prior to closing the action preparatory tofiring. The carrier-plate 15 being connected with the spring 16 near itscenter allows the former to flexibly conform itself to the grouping ofthe cartridges in the magazine and adapt itself to any peculiarity ofconformation of the same. The cartridges are held from end thrust by theform of the magazine, the walls of which bear against the portion of thecartridges at their front just back of the ballseat. The longitudinalrib 26 (shown on the upper surface of the carrier-plate 15) is for thepurpose of automatically guiding the first cartridge to one certain sideof the magazine, thus insuring the regular series sequence of thesubsequent cartridges in the magazine. Assuming that the gun has beendischarged and an empty shell lies in the barrel, as shown in Fig. 7,the operating-lever 5 is swung down into position shown in Fig. 1. Themotion thus imparted is transmitted through lever 5 and link 4: totoggle 3, which is pivoted to the breech-bolt 2 at 27. The force appliedswings toggle 3 on pivot 27, and as it begins to move 1 the upperprojecting arm or angle 3 of the toggle presses against the innersurface of the upper tang 3, while its lower end or angle 3" slides overbackward and downward on the surface 12, which is suitably fashioned toconform to the travel or path of the lower end or angle 3 of the toggle.The result of the combined motions of the various parts is to exert amultiplied force to the retracting-pivot 27, and as this pivot ismechanically integral with the breech-bolt exerts swinging andextracting and withdrawing force by moving the breech-bolt shoulder outof contact with the shoulder-abutment 28 on the frame, and as thebreech-bolt shoulder 28 is carried clear of the abutment 28 bycontinuing the downward and forward movement of the lever the shell isextracted and ejected from the gun, and the action assumes the positionshown in Fig. 1. As the breech-bolt is drawn backward, it engages orcomes in contact with hammer 6, which is thereby turned backward andoutward into the full-cocked position, (shown in Fig. 1,) where it isheld by the sear engaging therewith in the manner shown by point S,engaging notch S S in the hammer. It will be noted that as soon as thebreech-bolt drops into its retracting position the guide or check 11 onthe rear of the breech-bolt contacts and moves on the inner bottomsurface of the receiver, upon which it slides during the remainder ofits travel, forming, so to speak, a guide to the travel of thebreech-bolt. It should, however, be borne in mind that this guide orcheek may be omitted from the breech-bolt, and the lower angle 3" of'toggle 3 may be elongated so as to carry the rear of the breechbolt asthe same is retraced or driven forward.

The hammer 6 is of the rebounding type, the rebound being secured in thefollowing manner: After the gun is fired the hammer stands in theposition shown in Fig. 2 out of contact with the head of the firingpinor striker 29, which in this instance passes through the center of thebreech bolt for striking the primer of the cartridge. The hammernormally stands in a position out of contact with the striker orfiringpin, in which position it is held by the sear 7 engaging a notchin the hammer. In this position the hammer-spring 8 is free of tension,and by means of its cylindrical end 8, fitting a corresponding recess inthe hammer holds the same in the position shown in Fig. 2. When the gunis cocked, as in Fig. 1, spring 8 is compressed, and when released inthe act of firing the spring throws the hammer forward and against thefiring-pin with a force proportionate to the power of the spring. Themomentum imparted to the hammer by its spring carries the hammer to thefiring-pin and beyond its normal position with its spring 8 relaxed. Thereaction of the spring then retracts the hammer or causes it to reboundto the half-cock position, where it is held by the sear, as described.The breech-bolt is provided at its front end with an ordinary extractor2, which engages a groove in the head of the rimless cartridge andextracts the empty cartridge-shell, carrying the same back above thejaws of the magazine-stops until the base of the empty shell contactswith a slight projection 30, Fig. 4, formed on the cut-off, and therebyexpels the shell from the gun to the right of the operator. The extentof this ejection at the right depends in a largedegree upon the locationof the extractor-hook on the breech-bolt. It should be here borne inmind that the spring-actuated magazinestops are suflicient to throw theempty cartridgo-shell free from the gun without the use of a stop on themagazine-stops for arresting the backivard travel of the empty shell.The gun is shown in Fig. 2 in loaded position. It will here be observedthat the breech-bolt travels above the hammer, which is never inposition to strike the firing-pin until the action is closed by reasonof mechanism which will be hereinafter more fully explained. As thehand-lever 5 is swung backward and upward the breech-bolt is forcedforward into engagement with the base of the shell held in themagazine-stop jaws and is thereby pushed longitudinally between thejaws, which are opened by the breech-bolt. The continuation of themovement forces the shell into the chamber in the barrel, while theremainder of the cartridges are held in the magazine below thebreech-bolt. When the forward movement of the breech-bolt is arrested byits contact with the rear of the barrel, the handlever has not thenreached it normal position, so that the remainder of its motion isexpended upon the operation of toggle 3, which carries the rear of thebreech-bolt into engagement with the shoulder in the frame. As the lowerend or angle of the toggle 3 is forced forward, its lower end traveling-on the cam 12 carries the breech-bolt shoulder 28 into engagement withshoulder 28 of the frame. The front face of the toggle is in themeantime carried, and it assumes substantially a vertical position, sothat the shock and strain of the discharge is received entirely onshoulder 28 of the frame, thus relieving the toggle of any abnormalshock or strain and avoiding any tendency to open or unbreech the gun.

Experience has shown the desirability of some device for indicatingwhether or not the gun is in a cocked or operative position or whetherit is in a safe position. This is accomplished by an indicating devicelocated -in a suitable recess formed in the under side of the uppertang. In this recess I pivot the vibrating lever 20, which has one endloosely connected with the reciprocating plunger 19, which passesthrough an opening in the tang and which is free to slide in thedirection of its length. Back of the lever 20 and between it and thewall of the recess is the spring 21.

discharge the gun.

as the trigger begins itsbackward swing in The function of this springis to press the end open, as in Fig. 1, the cocked indicator is flushwith the face of the upper tang. When the action is closed and the gunis cocked, the plunger 19 is forced and maintained in the position abovethe face of the tang in front of the operator; With the breech-bolt inthe position as shown in Fig. 1 it is impossible for the gun to bedischarged. The lever 20 is held in the position shown, and the outerend of the plunger 19 is flush with the upper surface of the tang, asdescribed, indicating the gun as in a safeposition. With the hammerdown, as in Fig. 2, the end of the lever 20 retains the indicator in theposition shown and also denotes that the gun is safe, as above stated.Should the hammer be in the cocked position (shown in Fig. 1) and thebreech-bolt in the closed position, (shown in Fig. 2,) the end of thelever 20 would be free from opposition and by the action of spring 20forcing the plunger 19 above the surface of the upper tang affordingboth visible and manual evi' dence of the dangerous condition of the gunand its readiness to be fired.

It being desirable that some means be provided by which the act offiring the gun shall absolutely lock the breech mechanism, I accomplishthis function in the following manner: Attached to and projecting fromthe rear face of the trigger 10 I providethe cam-shaped projection 30,which in the normal closed position of the gun shown in Fig. 2 barelyclears the projecting point 31, which is integral with and formed uponlever 5. The opposing contact-surfaces 31 31 on trigger 10 and the lever5 are formed on an arc struck from the trigger-pivot as a center, sothat when the lever 5 is in a fully-closed position the trigger canswing back with no opposition. If, however, the lever 5 is not fullyclosed, the curved opposing surfaces will fail to coincide and it willbe impossible to move the trigger and It is evident that as soon the actof firing the juxtaposition of the parts becomes such that it isimpossible for the lever 5 to move from its full y-closed position. Forsafety in transporting and handling I provide means for rendering themechanism of the gun inoperative, a function I secure by so locking thelever 5 and trigger 10 as to prevent the movement of either. This Iaccomplish by the device shown in detail in Fig. 5, which I describe asfollows: Two cylindrical plungers 32 and 33, respectively, united by theweb or yoke 34:, are fitted to a suitable aperture worked in the lever 5to admit of their free longitudinal movement. -I can, if I desirable,restrict their freedom of movement by the application of frictionalresistance. I then provide in line with the movement of the upperplunger 32 and formed partly in the apex of the curved trigger-cam 30and partially in the projecting point 31 of the lever 5 an aperture 35of the approximate diameter of the plunger 32. With the parts in theposition shown in Figs. 2 and 5 nothing prevents the free movement ofeither trigger 10 or lever 5; but if I slide the plungers 32 33 into theposition indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 5 the plunger 32 enters theaperture 35 and provides an effectual bar to the movement of eithertrigger 10 or lever 5. When in this position, the gun can neither beopened nor fired; but the return of the plungers to their normalposition again renders the gun operative.

The breech-bolt can be breeched without cooking the gun in the followingmanner: WVhile swinging the lever 5 from its open to closed position thetrigger 10 is held back, thus releasing the sear 7 from engagement withthe hammer 6 and allowing the hammer 6 to contact with the under surfaceof the breech-bolt 2. As the breech-bolt slides forward and past thehammer the same gradually follows its movement and comes to its normalvertical position without shock or contact with the firing pin orplunger.

It being evident that various changes in the conformation andconfiguration of the mechanism described can be 'made without departurefrom the spirit of my invention, I do not confine myself to the precisespecific construction shown and described.

What I claim as new, novel, and useful, and which I desire to secure byLetters Patent of the United States, is

1. In a firearm,the combination of the frame having abreeehing-shoulder, a reciprocating breech-bolt having abreeching-shoulder at its rear end adapted to be swung into and out ofengagement with the breeching-shoulder in the frame, a lever pivotallymounted to swing below theframe having a rigid arm back of the pivot, acam-link pivoted to the rear of the breech-bolt for raising and loweringthe rear of the bolt into engagement or disengagement with the shoulderin the frame, and engaging mechanism between the arm on the pivotedlever and the pivoted cam-link for operating the parts, substantially asset forth for the purposes stated.

2. In a firearm, the combination of a frame having a breeching-shoulder,a reciprocating breech-bolt, a swinging hand-lever below and fulerumedto the frame and provided between its fulcrum and free end with a rigidarm extending into the frame, a double-link pivotal connection betweensaid arm and the breechbolt, and means engaging one of said links toraise and lower the bolt to and from said breechi ng-shoulder,substantiallyas described.

3. The combination with the frame and the reciprocating breech-bolt, ofthe pivoted lever, having a segmental arm back of the fulcrum, a linkconnected to the segmental arm and to the toggle, the toggle pivoted tothe rear of the breech-bolt having an upper and a lower projectingangle, for the purpose stated.

4:. In a firearm, the combination with the frame and the slidingbreech-bolt, a lever mounted to swing below the frame, forming a frontprotection to the trigger, and having an arm in the rear of the trigger,extending into engagement with the link, the link connected to the armof the lever and the operative mechanism, a toggle pivoted to the rearof the breech-bolt and the link and mechanism, substantially as setforth for operating the parts for the purpose stated.

5. The frame,the reciprocating breech-bolt, carrying at its rear anextension guide-cheek, a way inside of the frame in which the guidecheekmay work, a lever pivoted to the frame, and having a projecting arm backof the fulcrum, extending into engagement with a toggle, a togglepivoted on the rear of the breechbolt,a cam for elevating the rear ofthe breechbolt into and out of engagement with the frame, combinedsubstantially as set forth.

6. In a firearm, a frame having a breeehingshoulder, a reciprocatingshouldered breechbolt, a cam in the frame, and operative slidingmechanism pivotally connected to said bolt to move on the cam forelevating the rear of the shouldered breeeh-bolt into engagement withthe breech-shoulder in the frame and lock the same in such position,combined, substantially as set forth.

7. In a firearm the combination of the frame having a breeehing-shoulderat an incline backward from a vertical line,, a reciprocatingbreech-bolt having an incline shoulder conforming to the shoulder in theframe, a camlink pivoted to the rear of the breech-bolt and mounted toengage the under side of the upper tang, a support for engaging andsupporting the cam-link at its lower end forming a supporting-shoulderin the frame, and mechanism for reciprocating the breech-bolt andswinging the breeehing-shoulders into and out of engagement with eachother, substantially as set forth for the purposes stated.

8. In a gun, the frame having a breeehingshoulder, a shoulderedreciprocating breechbolt, a toggle pivoted to the rear of thebreechbolt, the upper end of the toggle arranged to engage with theunder side of the upper tang, and mechanism for operating the toggle fordepressing the rear of the bolt, unlocking its shoulder from thebreeching-shoulder in the frame, and mechanism for operating the toggle,combined substantially as set forth.

9. In a fire-arm,a frame having a breeehingshoulder, a breech-bolthaving a shoulder at its rear for engaging and disengagingthe shoulderin the frame and mounted to be reciprocated within the frame, a cam-linkpivoted to the rear of the breech-bolt, a cooperating cam-shoulder inthe frame, for depressing the rear of the breech-bolt out of engagementwith the breeching-shoulder in the frame and mechanism for operating theparts, for the purposes stated.

10. In a firearm, a frame having a breeching-shoulder therein, areciprocating breechbolt, a toggle pivoted to the breech-bolt, the endsof the toggle arranged to move between the upper and lower tangs, a camon the lower tang, engaged by said toggle for elevating the shoulderedbreech-bolt into engagement with the breeching-shoulder in the frame andmechanism for reciprocating the bolt and operating the toggle combined,substantially as set forth for the purposes stated. I

11. In a gun, the combination of the frame I having abreeching-shoulder, a shouldered reciprocating breech-bolt mounted andguided to be operated within the frame, a support pivoted to the rear ofthe breech-bolt and arranged to engage the upper part of said frame, andmechanism for operating the support and for swinging, locking andunlocking the breeching-shoulders, substantially as set forth for thepurposes stated.

12. The reciprocating breech-bolt, the frame having an abuttingbreeching-shoulder against which the rear of the breech-bolt swings, anupper and a lower shouldered support within the frame, a link pivoted tothe breech-bolt, and mechanism for operating the link Where by thebreech-bolt is swung into engagement with the breeching-shoulder in theframe and locked in its supported position and unlocked for retiring thebolt within the frame, combined, substantially as set forth, for thepurposes stated.

13. In a gun, a frame having a breechingshoulder, a reciprocatingbreech-bolt having a breeching-shoulder, a toggle pivoted to the rear ofthe breech-bolt having its opposite ends engage the upper and lower.tangs, means for bringing the breech-bolt shoulder into and out ofengagement With the breeching-shoulder in the frame and forreciprocating the breech bolt, combined, substantially as set forth, forthe purposes stated.

14. In a gun, the frame having a breechingshoulder and an upper andlower tang, a shouldered breech-bolt mounted to reciprocate between theupper and lower tang of the gun and having a breeching-shoulder, atoggle pivoted to the rear of the breech-bolt and having its endsarranged to engage the upper and lower tangs, a lever pivoted to swingbelow the lower tang, having an arm concentric with the pi vot of thelever,a link connecting the ends of the concentric lever and toggle formoving the rear of the breech-boltinto or out of contact with thebreech-shoulder to reciprocate the same, combined, substantially as setforth for the purposes stated.

15. In a magazine-firearm, the combination, of a frame having an openingformed in its opposite inner faces with longitudinally-arrangedrecesses. the parallel transverselybeveled magazine-stops pivoted insaid recesses at their upper edges so that their beveled projecting freeportions can swing into said recesses or into said magazine-opening,springs actuating said stops, said stops having cam-shaped ends toengage the breechbolt and thereby cause the stops to be swung into theirrecesses, a reciprocating breechbolt moving between said stops, andoperating mechanism therefor, substantiallyas described.

16. In a firearm, a frame having an upper tang, with the recess in thelower side of the tang, in combination with the pivoted indicator-lever,mounted in the recess, a vertical reciprocating plunger working throughthe tang, and the reciprocating breech-bolt working in engagement withthe pivoted indicator with mechanism for operating the same,substantially as set forth.

17. In a firearm, a frame having. an upper tang with the recess on itsunder side, and an opening from the recess through the tang, incombination with the lever pivoted in the recess, a spring for actuatingthe lever, and a vertically-movable plunger, and the reciprocatingbreech-bolt, for the purpose as stated.

18. In a firearm, the combination of a frame having an upper tang withan opening therethrough, an indicating-plunger reciprocating in saidopening, a lever below the tang and reciprocating-said plunger toproject and withdraw the same, and operating mechanism swinging thelever to project and retract the plunger, substantially as described.

19. In a gun, the frame, the reciprocating breech-bolt, the pivotedlever mounted to swing below the gun having a concentric arm on a circlefrom the pivot of the lever at the rear of the fulcrum, said armconnected to and operating the mechanism controlling the breech-bolt andfiring mechanism, the catch on the lever between the fulcrum and theconcentric arm, the pivoted trigger having a concentric cam at its .rearfor engaging the catch on the lever, combined, substantially as setforth for the purposes stated.

20. In combination, in a firearm, a frame having a breech shoulder, areciprocating breech-bolt, mechanism for moving the breechbolt into andout of engagement with said breech-shoulder, an operating-lever havingan arm concentric with the fulcrum of the le' ver and provided with acatch, and a swinging trigger having a curved surface for engaging thecatch on the operating-lever, substantially as described.

21. In-a gun, the frame having a breechingshoulder, a reciprocatingbreech-bolt having a breeching-shoulder, mechanism for bringing thebreeching-shoulders into and out of engagement and reciprocating thebreech-bolt, a centrally-disposed firing-pin in the breechbolt,aspring-actuated hammer located within the frame between the tangs, alever pivoted below the frame and having a curved arm concentric withthe fulcrum of the lever connected to the operative mechanism, ashoulder or catch between the fulcrum and the arm. and a pivoted triggerhaving a curved cam at its back, combined, substantially as set forthfor the purposes stated.

22. In a firearm of the character described, the extracting-hook on thebreech-bolt, a toggle-lever pivoted to the breech-bolt having armsextending at an angle to its pivoted point, and arranged to engage theunder side of the upper tang, in combination with mechanism foroperating the toggle for the purpose stated.

23. In a firearm of the character described, the combination of thesafety-breeching mechanism, consisting of the breeching-shoulder in theframe, the shoulder on the breech-bolt, a pivoted toggle on the rear ofthe breechbolt, a cam-surface supporting the lower end of the angle ofthe toggle, and mechanism for locking the parts, for the purpose stated.

24. In a gun the frame, the longitudinallymoving bolt, the abutment inthe frame in front of which the bolt swings in a sectorial plane inunlocking the breeching-shoulders, the toggle pivoted on the rear of thebreechbolt and striking a portion of the frame to unlock thebreeching-shoulders and retire the breech-bolt and mechanism foroperating the toggle and breech-bolt combined substantially as setforth.

I 25. In a gun, a reciprocating bolt, the frame having abreeching-abutment against which the rear of the bolt swings in looking,a swinging toggle supported on the rear of the breechbolt, a secondabutment in the lower tang against which the toggle rests at thecompletion of the locking of the breech-shoulders and mechanism foroperating the bolt substantially as set forth.

26. In a firearm, in combination, a frame having a breeching-shoulder, abreech-bolt and actuating mechanism for the breech-bolt comprising anexterior handhold and a toggle connection pivotally joined to the rearend of the breech-bolt, portions of the frame arranged to engage amember of said toggle and thereby raise and lower the rear end of thebreechbolt, substantially as described.

27. In a firearm,the combination of a frame, a reciprocating breech-boltand its operating mechanism comprising hand-operated means extending tothe exterior of the frame, firing mechanism comprising a triggerprovided with a locking portion normally out of the path of movement ofsaid means, and on firing movement of the trigger locking said means andbreech-bolt against unlocking movement, and a movable lock carried bysaid hand operated means and arranged to project into the path of thetrigger, substantially as described.

28. In a firearm, in combination, a frame, a reciprocating breech-bolthaving aguideblock sliding in the frame, said frame formed with acam-face, and hand operating means for the breech-bolt comprising alever and a toggle connection between the lever and breech-bolt engagingsaid cam-face to breech and unbreech the rear end of the breech-bolt,substantially as described.

29. Inafirearm,thecombination,ofaframe, a movable breech-bolt and itsoperating mechanism comprising a hand-lever fulcrumed to the frame,firing mechanism comprisingatrigger fulcrumed to the frame, and amovable lockingmember carried by said lever arranged to project into thepath of the trigger and thereby lock the trigger against firing movementand the lever against unbreeching move ment, substantially as described.

30. In a firearm, in combination, a frame having a bottom longitudinalopening therethrough having longitudinal recesses in its inner oppositefaces, the swinging stops at their upper outer portions fulcrumed therein so that their lower inner edges can swing into said recesses oroutwardly or inwardly into said opening, said stops beveled at theirrear ends, and provided with shoulder 30, and a reciprocatingbreech-bolt and its operating mechanism. substantially as described.

Signed by me at Utica, New York, this 14th day of August, 1899.

MORRIS I RICHARDS.

\Vitnesses:

PHEBE A. TANNER, (J, HERBERT WILSON.

